Acral Lick Dermatitis, or My Dog’s Obsessive Licking Disorder
Acral lick dermatitis (ALD) is a frustrating disease of the skin that commonly affects sedentary or older dogs, although all dogs are susceptible. This condition occurs when a dog excessively, or even obsessively, licks a specific spot on the body and causes chronic lesions. Affected areas normally occur on the front and back legs. This disease is also known by several other names, such as lick granuloma, dog acral dermatitis, and even obsessive licking of the paws.
Acral Lick Dermatitis Symptoms
There are several symptoms that may be present to help a pet owner determine if their dog has this condition. Obviously, the most common sign is incessant licking of the extremities. This licking will potentially lead to sores that do not heal. They resemble bed sores found on humans and appear as round areas that are missing hair. The skin underneath may also look red, irritated or even moist. As the lesions grow more serious, actual granulomas may develop. These are fleshy masses that are pink and hairless as well. Other symptoms of the disease can be overall lethargy or loss of appetite. These symptoms normally surface when the lesions have led to a serious skin infection. Infected skin and arthritis can also develop from the licking and lead to lameness. Most dogs seem to over-groom or lick when owners are away from the home. So, pet owners should often do an overall check of the dogs coat to look for lesions of the skin.
Causes For Acral Dermatitis
Dog acral dermatitis is an extremely complex disease and there are many factors involved when discussing the actual cause of the condition. Dogs suffering from allergic dermatitis or other skin conditions may develop acral dermatitis. The consistent licking is a way for the dog to try to relieve their skin of irritation. Neuropathy, or inflammation of nerves under the skin, can lead to licking, as well as arthritis of the joints. Neoplasia is skin cancer that causes chronic skin lesions that are also uncomfortable, and a dog may lick these for relief as well. Fungal infections and ectoparasites like scabies have also resulted in this condition as a side effect.
However, many professionals also see psychological causes for acral dermatitis. Boredom, stress, and separation anxiety in dogs are all triggers that can lead to the obsessive licking. This scenario tends to resemble obsessive compulsive disorder in humans. Even obesity and lack of mobility in dogs can lead to the onset of the condition.
Treatment Options For ALD
Treatment options for ALD are as varied as the potential causes. Some options are even used in combinations to provide the most successful results.
For dogs who have resorted to licking due to allergies, there are several specific treatment options available such as allergy shots and hypoallergenic dog food. An anti-inflammatory, like cortisone, is not normally the primary course of treatment, but can be used at times to minimize licking and swelling of the skin. Oral fungal medications, essential fatty acid supplements and even topical ointments used in conjunction with antibiotics can be possible options discussed by a veterinarian.
Psychological problems, like separation anxiety in dogs, and even general anxiety, need special attention as well. The Thunder shirt for dogs has an 85% success rate in calming anxious dogs. It is a non-medicated way to help your dog alleviate some of their anxiety. Increased exercise is another valuable tool in helping anxious and bored pets. There are several dog anxiety treatment options that can be tried.
Outside of traditional medications, a muzzle can be placed on the dog when he or she can not be supervised. A tightly wound bandage can also be placed around the open lesions. Some professionals will also recommend an Elizabethan or restrictive collar, made of a disc with a hole for the dogs head. This eliminates the possibility of the dog being able to reach their limbs to lick.
Acral lick dermatitis is a bothersome condition, not only for a dog but also for the owner. Although this disease is more of a nuisance and not a life threatening condition, it does cause discomfort and even cosmetic issues. Early detection and intervention is key to successfully treating the disease and controlling the symptoms.
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